Exemple d'applications avec état
Cette page contient des exemples de code pour des applications de streaming avec état personnalisées utilisant l'opérateur transformWithState. Databricks recommande d'utiliser des méthodes avec état intégrées pour les opérations courantes telles que les agrégations et les jointures.
Voir Créer une application avec état personnalisée avec transformWithState.
Python prend en charge à la fois l'API transformWithState basée sur les lignes (disponible en mode micro-batch et en mode temps réel) et l'opérateur transformWithStateInPandas basé sur Pandas. Les exemples ci-dessous fournissent du code utilisant transformWithStateInPandas en Python et transformWithState en Scala.
Les exemples exécutables sur cette page créent des tables dans un schéma main.stateful_examples dédié afin qu'ils puissent s'exécuter sans affecter vos données existantes. Si vous n'avez pas l'autorisation de créer des schémas dans le catalogue main, remplacez le catalogue et le schéma dans les exemples par un emplacement où vous pouvez créer des tables.
Exigences
L'opérateur transformWithState et les APIs et classes associées ont les exigences suivantes :
- Disponible dans Databricks Runtime 16.2 et versions ultérieures.
- Le mode d'accès standard est pris en charge pour Python (
transformWithStateInPandaset basé sur les lignestransformWithState) dans Databricks Runtime 16.3 et versions supérieures, et pour Scala (transformWithState) dans Databricks Runtime 17.3 et versions supérieures. - RocksDB est le fournisseur de magasin d'état default dans Databricks Runtime 17.3 et les versions ultérieures. Pour les versions de Databricks Runtime antérieures à 17.3, vous devez configurer le fournisseur de magasin d'état RocksDB. Databricks recommande d'activer RocksDB dans le cadre de la configuration compute.
Sur les versions de Databricks Runtime inférieures à 17.3, activez le fournisseur de magasin d'état RocksDB pour la session actuelle en exécutant ce qui suit :
spark.conf.set("spark.sql.streaming.stateStore.providerClass", "org.apache.spark.sql.execution.streaming.state.RocksDBStateStoreProvider")
Dimension à évolution lente (SCD) de type 1
Le code suivant est un exemple de mise en œuvre du SCD de type 1 à l'aide de transformWithState. Le SCD de type 1 ne suit que la valeur la plus récente pour un champ donné.
Vous pouvez utiliser des tables de streaming et AUTO CDC ... INTO pour implémenter le SCD de type 1 ou de type 2 en utilisant des tables basées sur Delta Lake. Cet exemple implémente le SCD de type 1 dans le magasin d'état, ce qui offre une latence plus faible pour les applications quasi-temps réel.
- Python
- Scala
# Import the necessary libraries
import pandas as pd
from pyspark.sql.streaming import StatefulProcessor, StatefulProcessorHandle
from pyspark.sql.types import StructType, StructField, LongType, StringType
from typing import Iterator
# Set the state store provider to RocksDB
spark.conf.set("spark.sql.streaming.stateStore.providerClass", "org.apache.spark.sql.execution.streaming.state.RocksDBStateStoreProvider")
# Define the output schema for the streaming query
output_schema = StructType([
StructField("user", StringType(), True),
StructField("time", LongType(), True),
StructField("location", StringType(), True)
])
# Define a custom StatefulProcessor for slowly changing dimension type 1 (SCD1) operations
class SCDType1StatefulProcessor(StatefulProcessor):
def init(self, handle: StatefulProcessorHandle) -> None:
self.handle = handle
# Define the schema for the state value
value_state_schema = StructType([
StructField("user", StringType(), True),
StructField("time", LongType(), True),
StructField("location", StringType(), True)
])
# Initialize the state to store the latest location for each user
self.latest_location = handle.getValueState("latestLocation", value_state_schema)
def handleInputRows(self, key, rows, timerValues) -> Iterator[pd.DataFrame]:
# Find the row with the maximum time value
max_row = None
max_time = float('-inf')
for pdf in rows:
for _, pd_row in pdf.iterrows():
time_value = pd_row["time"]
if time_value > max_time:
max_time = time_value
max_row = tuple(pd_row)
# Check whether state exists and update if necessary
exists = self.latest_location.exists()
if not exists or max_row[1] > self.latest_location.get()[1]:
# Update the state with the new max row
self.latest_location.update(max_row)
# Yield the updated row
yield pd.DataFrame(
{"user": (max_row[0],), "time": (max_row[1],), "location": (max_row[2],)}
)
# Yield an empty DataFrame if no update is needed
yield pd.DataFrame()
def close(self) -> None:
# No cleanup needed
pass
import uuid
# Create a dedicated schema for the example tables
spark.sql("CREATE SCHEMA IF NOT EXISTS main.stateful_examples")
# Seed a small Delta table to use as the streaming source
spark.sql("DROP TABLE IF EXISTS main.stateful_examples.scd1_source")
spark.createDataFrame(
[("u1", 1, "NYC"), ("u1", 3, "SF"), ("u1", 2, "LA"), ("u2", 5, "London")],
"user string, time long, location string",
).write.saveAsTable("main.stateful_examples.scd1_source")
df = spark.readStream.table("main.stateful_examples.scd1_source")
# Apply the stateful transformation to the input DataFrame
q = (
df.groupBy("user")
.transformWithStateInPandas(
statefulProcessor=SCDType1StatefulProcessor(),
outputStructType=output_schema,
outputMode="Update",
timeMode="None",
)
.writeStream.format("memory")
.queryName("scd1_output")
.option("checkpointLocation", f"/tmp/checkpoint_{uuid.uuid4()}")
.trigger(availableNow=True)
.start()
)
q.awaitTermination()
# Each user keeps only its latest location by time: u1 -> SF (time 3), u2 -> London (time 5)
display(spark.sql("SELECT user, time, location FROM scd1_output ORDER BY user"))
import org.apache.spark.sql.streaming._
// Define a case class to represent user location data
case class UserLocation(
user: String,
time: Long,
location: String)
// Define a stateful processor for slowly changing dimension type 1 (SCD1) operations
class SCDType1StatefulProcessor extends StatefulProcessor[String, UserLocation, UserLocation] {
import org.apache.spark.sql.{Encoders}
// Transient value state to store the latest location for each user
@transient private var _latestLocation: ValueState[UserLocation] = _
private val userLocationEncoder = Encoders.product[UserLocation]
// Initialize the state store
override def init(
outputMode: OutputMode,
timeMode: TimeMode): Unit = {
// Create a value state named "locationState" using UserLocation encoder
// TTLConfig.NONE means the state has no expiration
_latestLocation = getHandle.getValueState[UserLocation]("locationState",
userLocationEncoder, TTLConfig.NONE)
}
// Process input rows and update state
override def handleInputRows(
key: String,
inputRows: Iterator[UserLocation],
timerValues: TimerValues): Iterator[UserLocation] = {
// Find the location with the maximum timestamp from input rows
val maxNewLocation = inputRows.maxBy(_.time)
// Update state and emit output if:
// 1. No previous state exists, or
// 2. New location has a more recent timestamp than the stored one
if (_latestLocation.getOption().isEmpty || maxNewLocation.time > _latestLocation.get().time) {
_latestLocation.update(maxNewLocation)
Iterator.single(maxNewLocation) // Emit the updated location
} else {
Iterator.empty // No update needed, emit nothing
}
}
}
import spark.implicits._
import java.util.UUID
// Create a dedicated schema for the example tables
spark.sql("CREATE SCHEMA IF NOT EXISTS main.stateful_examples")
// Seed a small Delta table to use as the streaming source
spark.sql("DROP TABLE IF EXISTS main.stateful_examples.scd1_source_scala")
Seq(
UserLocation("u1", 1L, "NYC"),
UserLocation("u1", 3L, "SF"),
UserLocation("u1", 2L, "LA"),
UserLocation("u2", 5L, "London")
).toDF().write.saveAsTable("main.stateful_examples.scd1_source_scala")
val q = spark.readStream
.table("main.stateful_examples.scd1_source_scala")
.as[UserLocation]
.groupByKey(_.user)
.transformWithState(
new SCDType1StatefulProcessor(),
TimeMode.None(),
OutputMode.Update()
)
.writeStream
.format("memory")
.queryName("scd1_output_scala")
.option("checkpointLocation", s"/tmp/checkpoint_${UUID.randomUUID()}")
.trigger(Trigger.AvailableNow())
.start()
q.awaitTermination()
// Each user keeps only its latest location by time: u1 -> SF (time 3), u2 -> London (time 5)
spark.sql("SELECT user, time, location FROM scd1_output_scala ORDER BY user").show()
Dimension à évolution lente (SCD) de type 2
Les notebooks suivants contiennent un exemple d'implémentation du SCD de type 2 à l'aide de transformWithState en Python ou Scala.
SCD de type 2 Python
SCD Type 2 Scala
Détecteur de temps d'arrêt
transformWithState implémente des minuteurs pour vous permettre d'agir en fonction du temps écoulé, même si aucun enregistrement pour une clé donnée n'est traité dans un micro-batch.
L'exemple suivant met en œuvre un modèle pour un détecteur de temps d'arrêt. Chaque fois qu'une nouvelle valeur est vue pour une clé donnée, elle met à jour la valeur d'état lastSeen, efface tous les minuteurs existants, et Reset un minuteur pour l'avenir.
Lorsqu'un temporisateur expire, l'application émet le temps écoulé depuis le dernier événement observé pour la clé. Il définit ensuite un nouveau minuteur pour émettre une mise à jour 10 secondes plus tard.
Pour exécuter l'exemple de bout en bout, injectez une seule lecture de capteur comme source de streaming. Comme les minuteurs utilisent le temps de traitement, le driver utilise un trigger processingTime et attend avant d'arrêter la query afin que les minuteurs se déclenchent.
- Python
- Scala
import datetime
import time
import uuid
import pandas as pd
from pyspark.sql.streaming import StatefulProcessor, StatefulProcessorHandle
from pyspark.sql.types import StructType, StructField, StringType, TimestampType
from typing import Iterator
spark.conf.set("spark.sql.streaming.stateStore.providerClass", "org.apache.spark.sql.execution.streaming.state.RocksDBStateStoreProvider")
class DownTimeDetectorStatefulProcessor(StatefulProcessor):
def init(self, handle: StatefulProcessorHandle) -> None:
# Define the schema for the state value (timestamp)
state_schema = StructType([StructField("value", TimestampType(), True)])
self.handle = handle
# Initialize state to store the last seen timestamp for each key
self.last_seen = handle.getValueState("last_seen", state_schema)
def handleExpiredTimer(self, key, timerValues, expiredTimerInfo) -> Iterator[pd.DataFrame]:
latest_from_existing = self.last_seen.get()
# Calculate downtime as the elapsed time between the last observed event and now
downtime_duration = timerValues.getCurrentProcessingTimeInMs() - int(latest_from_existing[0].timestamp() * 1000)
# Register a new timer for 10 seconds in the future
self.handle.registerTimer(timerValues.getCurrentProcessingTimeInMs() + 10000)
# Yield a DataFrame with the key and downtime duration
yield pd.DataFrame(
{
"id": key,
"timeValues": str(downtime_duration),
}
)
def handleInputRows(self, key, rows, timerValues) -> Iterator[pd.DataFrame]:
# Find the row with the maximum timestamp
max_row = max((tuple(pdf.iloc[0]) for pdf in rows), key=lambda row: row[1])
# Get the latest timestamp from the existing state or use epoch start if a timestamp doesn't exist
if self.last_seen.exists():
latest_from_existing = self.last_seen.get()[0]
else:
latest_from_existing = datetime.datetime.fromtimestamp(0)
# If the new data is more recent than the existing state
if latest_from_existing < max_row[1]:
# Delete all existing timers
for timer in self.handle.listTimers():
self.handle.deleteTimer(timer)
# Update the last seen timestamp
self.last_seen.update((max_row[1],))
# Register a new timer for 5 seconds in the future
self.handle.registerTimer(timerValues.getCurrentProcessingTimeInMs() + 5000)
# Get current processing time in milliseconds
timestamp_in_millis = str(timerValues.getCurrentProcessingTimeInMs())
# Yield a DataFrame with the key and current timestamp
yield pd.DataFrame({"id": key, "timeValues": timestamp_in_millis})
def close(self) -> None:
# No cleanup needed
pass
# Create a dedicated schema for the example tables
spark.sql("CREATE SCHEMA IF NOT EXISTS main.stateful_examples")
# Seed a small Delta table with a sensor reading to use as the streaming source
spark.sql("DROP TABLE IF EXISTS main.stateful_examples.sensor_events")
spark.createDataFrame(
[("sensor1", datetime.datetime(2024, 1, 1, 12, 0, 0))],
"id string, timestamp timestamp",
).write.saveAsTable("main.stateful_examples.sensor_events")
df = spark.readStream.table("main.stateful_examples.sensor_events")
# Output schema: the key and a time value (processing time or elapsed downtime)
output_schema = StructType([
StructField("id", StringType(), True),
StructField("timeValues", StringType(), True),
])
# ProcessingTime mode enables the timers that detect downtime
q = (
df.groupBy("id")
.transformWithStateInPandas(
statefulProcessor=DownTimeDetectorStatefulProcessor(),
outputStructType=output_schema,
outputMode="Update",
timeMode="ProcessingTime",
)
.writeStream.format("memory")
.queryName("downtime_output")
.option("checkpointLocation", f"/tmp/checkpoint_{uuid.uuid4()}")
.trigger(processingTime="5 seconds")
.start()
)
# Wait past the timers so they fire, then stop the query
time.sleep(30)
q.stop()
# When a timer fires, it emits the elapsed time in milliseconds since the last observed event
display(spark.sql("SELECT * FROM downtime_output"))
import java.sql.Timestamp
import org.apache.spark.sql.Encoders
import org.apache.spark.sql.streaming._
import spark.implicits._
import java.util.UUID
// The (String, Timestamp) schema represents an (id, time). We want to do downtime
// detection on every single unique sensor, where each sensor has a sensor ID.
// downtimeThresholdMs is the timer duration in milliseconds.
class DowntimeDetector(downtimeThresholdMs: Long) extends
StatefulProcessor[String, (String, Timestamp), (String, Long)] {
@transient private var _lastSeen: ValueState[Timestamp] = _
private val timestampEncoder = Encoders.TIMESTAMP
override def init(outputMode: OutputMode, timeMode: TimeMode): Unit = {
_lastSeen = getHandle.getValueState[Timestamp]("lastSeen", timestampEncoder, TTLConfig.NONE)
}
// The logic here is as follows: find the largest timestamp seen so far. Set a timer for
// the duration later.
override def handleInputRows(
key: String,
inputRows: Iterator[(String, Timestamp)],
timerValues: TimerValues): Iterator[(String, Long)] = {
val latestRecordFromNewRows = inputRows.maxBy(_._2.getTime)
// Use getOrElse to initiate state variable if it doesn't exist
val latestTimestampFromExistingRows = Option(_lastSeen.get()).getOrElse(new Timestamp(0))
val latestTimestampFromNewRows = latestRecordFromNewRows._2
if (latestTimestampFromNewRows.after(latestTimestampFromExistingRows)) {
// Cancel the one existing timer, since we have a new latest timestamp.
// We call "listTimers()" because we don't know ahead of time what
// the timestamp of the existing timer will be.
getHandle.listTimers().foreach(timer => getHandle.deleteTimer(timer))
_lastSeen.update(latestTimestampFromNewRows)
// Use timerValues to schedule a timer using processing time.
getHandle.registerTimer(timerValues.getCurrentProcessingTimeInMs() + downtimeThresholdMs)
} else {
// No new latest timestamp, so there is no need to update the state or set a timer.
}
Iterator.empty
}
override def handleExpiredTimer(
key: String,
timerValues: TimerValues,
expiredTimerInfo: ExpiredTimerInfo): Iterator[(String, Long)] = {
val latestTimestamp = _lastSeen.get()
// Downtime is the elapsed time in milliseconds between the last observed event and now
val downtimeDurationMs =
timerValues.getCurrentProcessingTimeInMs() - latestTimestamp.getTime
// Register another timer that will fire in 10 seconds.
// Timers can be registered anywhere but init()
getHandle.registerTimer(timerValues.getCurrentProcessingTimeInMs() + 10000)
Iterator((key, downtimeDurationMs))
}
}
// Create a dedicated schema for the example tables
spark.sql("CREATE SCHEMA IF NOT EXISTS main.stateful_examples")
// Seed a small Delta table with a sensor reading to use as the streaming source
spark.sql("DROP TABLE IF EXISTS main.stateful_examples.sensor_events_scala")
Seq(
("sensor1", Timestamp.valueOf("2024-01-01 12:00:00"))
).toDF("id", "timestamp").write.saveAsTable("main.stateful_examples.sensor_events_scala")
// ProcessingTime mode enables the timers that detect downtime
val q = spark.readStream
.table("main.stateful_examples.sensor_events_scala")
.as[(String, Timestamp)]
.groupByKey(_._1)
.transformWithState(
new DowntimeDetector(5000L),
TimeMode.ProcessingTime(),
OutputMode.Update()
)
.writeStream
.format("memory")
.queryName("downtime_output_scala")
.option("checkpointLocation", s"/tmp/checkpoint_${UUID.randomUUID()}")
.trigger(Trigger.ProcessingTime("5 seconds"))
.start()
// Wait past the timers so they fire, then stop the query
Thread.sleep(30000)
q.stop()
// When a timer fires, it emits the elapsed time in milliseconds since the last observed event
spark.sql("SELECT * FROM downtime_output_scala").show(false)
Migrer les informations d'état existantes
L'exemple suivant montre comment implémenter une application avec état qui accepte un état initial. Vous pouvez ajouter une gestion de l'état initial à n'importe quelle application avec état, mais l'état initial ne peut être défini que lors de la première initialisation de l'application.
Cet exemple utilise l'API de lecture statestore pour charger les informations d'état existantes à partir d'un chemin de point de contrôle. Un cas d'utilisation exemple pour ce modèle est la migration d'applications avec état existantes vers transformWithState.
- Python
- Scala
# Import the necessary libraries
import pandas as pd
from pyspark.sql.streaming import StatefulProcessor, StatefulProcessorHandle
from pyspark.sql.types import StructType, StructField, LongType, StringType, IntegerType
from typing import Iterator
# Set RocksDB as the state store provider for better performance
spark.conf.set("spark.sql.streaming.stateStore.providerClass", "org.apache.spark.sql.execution.streaming.state.RocksDBStateStoreProvider")
"""
Input schema is as below
input_schema = StructType(
[StructField("id", StringType(), True)],
[StructField("value", StringType(), True)]
)
"""
# Define the output schema for the streaming query
output_schema = StructType([
StructField("id", StringType(), True),
StructField("accumulated", StringType(), True)
])
class AccumulatedCounterStatefulProcessorWithInitialState(StatefulProcessor):
def init(self, handle: StatefulProcessorHandle) -> None:
# Define the schema for the state value (integer)
state_schema = StructType([StructField("value", IntegerType(), True)])
# Initialize state to store the accumulated counter for each id
self.counter_state = handle.getValueState("counter_state", state_schema)
self.handle = handle
def handleInputRows(self, key, rows, timerValues) -> Iterator[pd.DataFrame]:
# Check if state exists for the current key
exists = self.counter_state.exists()
if exists:
value_row = self.counter_state.get()
existing_value = value_row[0]
else:
existing_value = 0
accumulated_value = existing_value
# Process input rows and accumulate values
for pdf in rows:
value = pdf["value"].astype(int).sum()
accumulated_value += value
# Update the state with the new accumulated value
self.counter_state.update((accumulated_value,))
# Yield a DataFrame with the key and accumulated value
yield pd.DataFrame({"id": key, "accumulated": str(accumulated_value)})
def handleInitialState(self, key, initialState, timerValues) -> None:
# Initialize the state with the provided initial value
init_val = initialState.at[0, "initVal"]
self.counter_state.update((init_val,))
def close(self) -> None:
# No cleanup needed
pass
# Load initial state from a checkpoint directory
initial_state = spark.read.format("statestore")
.option("path", "$checkpointsDir")
.load()
# Apply the stateful transformation to the input DataFrame
df.groupBy("id")
.transformWithStateInPandas(
statefulProcessor=AccumulatedCounterStatefulProcessorWithInitialState(),
outputStructType=output_schema,
outputMode="Update",
timeMode="None",
initialState=initial_state,
)
.writeStream... # Continue with stream writing configuration
// Import the necessary libraries
import org.apache.spark.sql.streaming._
import org.apache.spark.sql.{Dataset, Encoder, Encoders, DataFrame}
import org.apache.spark.sql.types._
// Define a stateful processor that can handle the initial state
class InitialStateStatefulProcessor extends StatefulProcessorWithInitialState[String, (String, String, String), (String, String), (String, Int)] {
// Transient value state to store the accumulated value
@transient protected var valueState: ValueState[Int] = _
private val intEncoder = Encoders.scalaInt
// Initialize the state store
override def init(
outputMode: OutputMode,
timeMode: TimeMode): Unit = {
// Create a value state named "valueState" using Int encoder
// TTLConfig.NONE means the state has no automatic expiration
valueState = getHandle.getValueState[Int]("valueState",
intEncoder, TTLConfig.NONE)
}
// Process input rows and update state
override def handleInputRows(
key: String,
inputRows: Iterator[(String, String, String)],
timerValues: TimerValues): Iterator[(String, String)] = {
var existingValue = 0
// Retrieve existing value from state if it exists
if (valueState.exists()) {
existingValue += valueState.get()
}
var accumulatedValue = existingValue
// Accumulate values from input rows
for (row <- inputRows) {
accumulatedValue += row._2.toInt
}
// Update the state with the new accumulated value
valueState.update(accumulatedValue)
// Return the key and accumulated value as a string
Iterator((key, accumulatedValue.toString))
}
// Handle initial state when provided
override def handleInitialState(
key: String, initialState: (String, Int), timerValues: TimerValues): Unit = {
// Update the state with the initial value
valueState.update(initialState._2)
}
}
Migrer la table Delta vers un magasin d'états pour l'initialisation
Les Notebooks suivants contiennent un exemple d'initialisation des valeurs de magasin d'état à partir d'une table Delta à l'aide de transformWithState en Python ou Scala.
Initialiser l'état à partir de Delta Python
Initialiser l'état à partir de Delta Scala
Suivi de session
Les notebooks suivants contiennent un exemple de suivi de session utilisant transformWithState en Python ou Scala.
Suivi des sessions Python
Suivi de session Scala
Jointure personnalisée de Stream à Stream à l'aide de transformWithState
Le code suivant démontre une jointure stream-stream personnalisée sur plusieurs streams à l'aide de transformWithState. Vous pouvez utiliser cette approche à la place d’un opérateur de jointure intégré pour les raisons suivantes :
- Vous devez utiliser le mode de sortie de mise à jour qui ne prend pas en charge les jointures de Stream à Stream. Ceci est particulièrement utile pour les applications à faible latence.
- Vous devez continuer à effectuer des jointures pour les lignes arrivant tardivement (après l'expiration du watermark).
- Vous devez effectuer des jointures Stream-Stream de plusieurs à plusieurs.
Cet exemple vous donne un contrôle total sur la logique d’expiration d’état, permettant une extension dynamique de la période de rétention pour gérer les événements en désordre même après le watermark.
Dans l'exemple suivant, les événements de profil, de préférence et d'activité arrivent sur un seul Stream, chacun étant étiqueté avec un record_type. Le processeur met en mémoire tampon chaque type d'enregistrement dans l'état, et un minuteur de temps de traitement émet la jointure enrichie peu de temps après l'arrivée d'un événement d'activité. L'état du profil et des préférences expire après une heure d'inactivité à l'aide d'un TTL, et chaque activité est effacée de l'état une fois qu'elle a été jointe.
Cet exemple conserve une activité par utilisateur et l'efface après l'émission de la jointure. Pour rester concentré, il ne gère pas plusieurs événements d'activité arrivant pour le même utilisateur avant le déclenchement du minuteur : une activité ultérieure remplace la précédente, et chaque minuteur lit la dernière activité mise en mémoire tampon plutôt que celle qui l'a programmée. Pour préserver chaque activité, mettez en mémoire tampon les activités dans un état de type liste ou map indexé par l'heure de l'événement.
- Python
- Scala
# Import the necessary libraries
import pandas as pd
import time
import uuid
from datetime import datetime
from pyspark.sql.streaming import StatefulProcessor, StatefulProcessorHandle
from pyspark.sql.types import StructType, StructField, StringType, TimestampType
from typing import Iterator
spark.conf.set("spark.sql.streaming.stateStore.providerClass", "org.apache.spark.sql.execution.streaming.state.RocksDBStateStoreProvider")
# Define output schema for the joined data
output_schema = StructType([
StructField("user_id", StringType(), True),
StructField("event_type", StringType(), True),
StructField("timestamp", TimestampType(), True),
StructField("profile_name", StringType(), True),
StructField("email", StringType(), True),
StructField("preferred_category", StringType(), True)
])
class CustomStreamJoinProcessor(StatefulProcessor):
# Buffer each user's profile, preference, and activity records in state.
def init(self, handle: StatefulProcessorHandle) -> None:
self.handle = handle
profile_schema = StructType([
StructField("name", StringType(), True),
StructField("email", StringType(), True)
])
preferences_schema = StructType([
StructField("preferred_category", StringType(), True)
])
activity_schema = StructType([
StructField("event_type", StringType(), True),
StructField("timestamp", TimestampType(), True)
])
# One value state per record type. The grouping key is user_id, so each
# state holds the latest record of that type for the user.
# Profile and preference state expire after an hour of inactivity via TTL
self.profile_state = handle.getValueState("userProfile", profile_schema, ttlDurationMs=3600000)
self.preferences_state = handle.getValueState("userPreferences", preferences_schema, ttlDurationMs=3600000)
self.activity_state = handle.getValueState("userActivity", activity_schema)
# Route each incoming record by its type and buffer it in state. When an
# activity event arrives, set a timer to emit the enriched join after a delay.
def handleInputRows(self, key, rows: Iterator[pd.DataFrame], timerValues) -> Iterator[pd.DataFrame]:
for pdf in rows:
for _, row in pdf.iterrows():
record_type = row["record_type"]
if record_type == "activity":
self.activity_state.update((row["event_type"], row["timestamp"]))
# Set a timer to process this event after a 10-second delay
self.handle.registerTimer(timerValues.getCurrentProcessingTimeInMs() + 10000)
elif record_type == "profile":
self.profile_state.update((row["name"], row["email"]))
elif record_type == "preference":
self.preferences_state.update((row["preferred_category"],))
# No immediate output; the enriched row is emitted when the timer expires
return iter([])
# Perform the lookup after the delay, handling out-of-order and late-arriving records.
def handleExpiredTimer(self, key, timerValues, expiredTimerInfo) -> Iterator[pd.DataFrame]:
if not self.activity_state.exists():
return iter([])
activity = self.activity_state.get()
profile = self.profile_state.get() if self.profile_state.exists() else None
preferences = self.preferences_state.get() if self.preferences_state.exists() else None
# Combine data from the different states into a single output row
output_row = {
"user_id": key[0],
"event_type": activity[0],
"timestamp": activity[1],
"profile_name": profile[0] if profile else None,
"email": profile[1] if profile else None,
"preferred_category": preferences[0] if preferences else None
}
# The activity has been consumed by this join, so clear it from state
self.activity_state.clear()
return iter([pd.DataFrame([output_row])])
def close(self) -> None:
pass
# Create a dedicated schema for the example tables
spark.sql("CREATE SCHEMA IF NOT EXISTS main.stateful_examples")
# Seed a small Delta table with profile, preference, and activity records for one user
spark.sql("DROP TABLE IF EXISTS main.stateful_examples.user_events")
input_schema = StructType([
StructField("user_id", StringType()),
StructField("record_type", StringType()),
StructField("event_type", StringType()),
StructField("timestamp", TimestampType()),
StructField("name", StringType()),
StructField("email", StringType()),
StructField("preferred_category", StringType())
])
spark.createDataFrame(
[
("u1", "profile", None, None, "Alice", "alice@example.com", None),
("u1", "preference", None, None, None, None, "electronics"),
("u1", "activity", "purchase", datetime(2024, 1, 1, 12, 0, 0), None, None, None),
],
input_schema,
).write.saveAsTable("main.stateful_examples.user_events")
df = spark.readStream.table("main.stateful_examples.user_events")
# Apply transformWithState. ProcessingTime mode enables the timer that fires the join.
q = (
df.groupBy("user_id")
.transformWithStateInPandas(
statefulProcessor=CustomStreamJoinProcessor(),
outputStructType=output_schema,
outputMode="Append",
timeMode="ProcessingTime",
)
.writeStream.format("memory")
.queryName("enriched_events")
.option("checkpointLocation", f"/tmp/checkpoint_{uuid.uuid4()}")
.trigger(processingTime="5 seconds")
.start()
)
# Wait past the 10-second timer so it fires, then stop the query
time.sleep(30)
q.stop()
# The enriched row joins the activity with the buffered profile and preference
display(spark.sql("SELECT * FROM enriched_events"))
// Import the necessary libraries
import org.apache.spark.sql.streaming._
import org.apache.spark.sql.Encoders
import spark.implicits._
import java.sql.Timestamp
import java.util.UUID
import java.time.Duration
// Unified input record: every event arrives on one stream, tagged by record_type
case class UserRecord(
user_id: String,
record_type: String,
event_type: Option[String],
timestamp: Option[Timestamp],
name: Option[String],
email: Option[String],
preferred_category: Option[String]
)
case class UserActivity(event_type: String, timestamp: Timestamp)
case class UserProfile(name: String, email: String)
case class UserPreferences(preferred_category: String)
// Enriched user event combining activity with profile and preference data
case class EnrichedUserEvent(
user_id: String,
event_type: String,
timestamp: Timestamp,
profile_name: Option[String],
email: Option[String],
preferred_category: Option[String]
)
// Custom stateful processor for the stream-stream join
class CustomStreamJoinProcessor extends StatefulProcessor[String, UserRecord, EnrichedUserEvent] {
// One value state per record type. The grouping key is user_id, so each state
// holds the latest record of that type for the user.
@transient private var _profileState: ValueState[UserProfile] = _
@transient private var _preferencesState: ValueState[UserPreferences] = _
@transient private var _activityState: ValueState[UserActivity] = _
override def init(outputMode: OutputMode, timeMode: TimeMode): Unit = {
// Profile and preference state expire after an hour of inactivity via TTL
_profileState = getHandle.getValueState[UserProfile]("profileState", Encoders.product[UserProfile], TTLConfig(Duration.ofHours(1)))
_preferencesState = getHandle.getValueState[UserPreferences]("preferencesState", Encoders.product[UserPreferences], TTLConfig(Duration.ofHours(1)))
_activityState = getHandle.getValueState[UserActivity]("activityState", Encoders.product[UserActivity], TTLConfig.NONE)
}
// Route each incoming record by its type and buffer it in state. When an
// activity event arrives, set a timer to emit the enriched join after a delay.
override def handleInputRows(
key: String,
inputRows: Iterator[UserRecord],
timerValues: TimerValues): Iterator[EnrichedUserEvent] = {
inputRows.foreach { rec =>
rec.record_type match {
case "activity" =>
_activityState.update(UserActivity(rec.event_type.getOrElse(""), rec.timestamp.orNull))
getHandle.registerTimer(timerValues.getCurrentProcessingTimeInMs() + 10000)
case "profile" =>
_profileState.update(UserProfile(rec.name.getOrElse(""), rec.email.getOrElse("")))
case "preference" =>
_preferencesState.update(UserPreferences(rec.preferred_category.getOrElse("")))
case _ =>
}
}
Iterator.empty
}
// When the timer expires, join the buffered activity with the latest profile and preference
override def handleExpiredTimer(
key: String,
timerValues: TimerValues,
expiredTimerInfo: ExpiredTimerInfo): Iterator[EnrichedUserEvent] = {
if (!_activityState.exists()) {
Iterator.empty
} else {
val activity = _activityState.get()
val profile = if (_profileState.exists()) Some(_profileState.get()) else None
val preferences = if (_preferencesState.exists()) Some(_preferencesState.get()) else None
// The activity has been consumed by this join, so clear it from state
_activityState.clear()
Iterator.single(EnrichedUserEvent(
user_id = key,
event_type = activity.event_type,
timestamp = activity.timestamp,
profile_name = profile.map(_.name),
email = profile.map(_.email),
preferred_category = preferences.map(_.preferred_category)
))
}
}
}
// Create a dedicated schema for the example tables
spark.sql("CREATE SCHEMA IF NOT EXISTS main.stateful_examples")
// Seed a small Delta table with profile, preference, and activity records for one user
spark.sql("DROP TABLE IF EXISTS main.stateful_examples.user_events_scala")
Seq(
UserRecord("u1", "profile", None, None, Some("Alice"), Some("alice@example.com"), None),
UserRecord("u1", "preference", None, None, None, None, Some("electronics")),
UserRecord("u1", "activity", Some("purchase"), Some(Timestamp.valueOf("2024-01-01 12:00:00")), None, None, None)
).toDF().write.saveAsTable("main.stateful_examples.user_events_scala")
// Apply the custom stateful processor. ProcessingTime mode enables the join timer.
val enrichedStream = spark.readStream
.table("main.stateful_examples.user_events_scala")
.as[UserRecord]
.groupByKey(_.user_id)
.transformWithState(
new CustomStreamJoinProcessor(),
TimeMode.ProcessingTime(),
OutputMode.Append()
)
val q = enrichedStream.writeStream
.format("memory")
.queryName("enriched_events_scala")
.option("checkpointLocation", s"/tmp/checkpoint_${UUID.randomUUID()}")
.trigger(Trigger.ProcessingTime("5 seconds"))
.start()
// Wait past the 10-second timer so it fires, then stop the query
Thread.sleep(30000)
q.stop()
// The enriched row joins the activity with the buffered profile and preference
spark.sql("SELECT * FROM enriched_events_scala").show(false)
Calcul Top-K
L'exemple suivant utilise un ListState avec une file d'attente prioritaire pour maintenir et mettre à jour les K éléments supérieurs dans un Stream pour chaque clé de groupe en temps réel.