Exemplos de aplicativos com estado
Esta página contém exemplos de código para aplicações de transmissão com estado personalizadas usando o operador transformWithState. A Databricks recomenda o uso de métodos com estado integrados para operações comuns, como agregações e joins.
Consulte Criar um aplicativo com estado personalizado com transformWithState.
O Python suporta tanto a API baseada em linhas transformWithState (disponível no modo microbatch e no modo em tempo real) quanto o operador transformWithStateInPandas baseado em Pandas. Os exemplos abaixo fornecem código usando transformWithStateInPandas em Python e transformWithState em Scala.
Os exemplos executáveis nesta página criam tabelas em um esquema main.stateful_examples dedicado para que possam ser executados sem afetar seus dados existentes. Se você não tiver permissão para criar esquemas no catálogo main, altere o catálogo e o esquema nos exemplos para um local onde você possa criar tabelas.
Requisitos
O operador transformWithState e as APIs e classes relacionadas têm os seguintes requisitos:
- Disponível em Databricks Runtime 16.2 e acima.
- O modo de acesso padrão é suportado para Python (
transformWithStateInPandase baseado em linhatransformWithState) no Databricks Runtime 16.3 e superior, e para Scala (transformWithState) no Databricks Runtime 17.3 e superior. - RocksDB é o provedor default de armazenamento do estado no Databricks Runtime 17.3 e acima. Para versões Databricks Runtime abaixo de 17.3, você deve configurar o provedor de armazenamento do estado RocksDB . Databricks recomenda habilitar RocksDB como parte da configuração compute .
Em versões Databricks Runtime anteriores à 17.3, habilite o provedor de armazenamento de estado RocksDB para a sessão atual executando o seguinte comando:
spark.conf.set("spark.sql.streaming.stateStore.providerClass", "org.apache.spark.sql.execution.streaming.state.RocksDBStateStoreProvider")
dimensões que mudam lentamente (SCD) (SCD) tipo 1
O código a seguir é um exemplo de implementação do SCD tipo 1 usando transformWithState. O SCD tipo 1 rastreia apenas o valor mais recente de um determinado campo.
Você pode usar tabelas de transmissão e AUTO CDC ... INTO para implementar SCD tipo 1 ou tipo 2 usando tabelas com suporte Delta Lake. Este exemplo implementa SCD tipo 1 no armazenamento do estado, o que proporciona menor latência para aplicações reais próximas do tempo de execução.
- Python
- Scala
# Import the necessary libraries
import pandas as pd
from pyspark.sql.streaming import StatefulProcessor, StatefulProcessorHandle
from pyspark.sql.types import StructType, StructField, LongType, StringType
from typing import Iterator
# Set the state store provider to RocksDB
spark.conf.set("spark.sql.streaming.stateStore.providerClass", "org.apache.spark.sql.execution.streaming.state.RocksDBStateStoreProvider")
# Define the output schema for the streaming query
output_schema = StructType([
StructField("user", StringType(), True),
StructField("time", LongType(), True),
StructField("location", StringType(), True)
])
# Define a custom StatefulProcessor for slowly changing dimension type 1 (SCD1) operations
class SCDType1StatefulProcessor(StatefulProcessor):
def init(self, handle: StatefulProcessorHandle) -> None:
self.handle = handle
# Define the schema for the state value
value_state_schema = StructType([
StructField("user", StringType(), True),
StructField("time", LongType(), True),
StructField("location", StringType(), True)
])
# Initialize the state to store the latest location for each user
self.latest_location = handle.getValueState("latestLocation", value_state_schema)
def handleInputRows(self, key, rows, timerValues) -> Iterator[pd.DataFrame]:
# Find the row with the maximum time value
max_row = None
max_time = float('-inf')
for pdf in rows:
for _, pd_row in pdf.iterrows():
time_value = pd_row["time"]
if time_value > max_time:
max_time = time_value
max_row = tuple(pd_row)
# Check whether state exists and update if necessary
exists = self.latest_location.exists()
if not exists or max_row[1] > self.latest_location.get()[1]:
# Update the state with the new max row
self.latest_location.update(max_row)
# Yield the updated row
yield pd.DataFrame(
{"user": (max_row[0],), "time": (max_row[1],), "location": (max_row[2],)}
)
# Yield an empty DataFrame if no update is needed
yield pd.DataFrame()
def close(self) -> None:
# No cleanup needed
pass
import uuid
# Create a dedicated schema for the example tables
spark.sql("CREATE SCHEMA IF NOT EXISTS main.stateful_examples")
# Seed a small Delta table to use as the streaming source
spark.sql("DROP TABLE IF EXISTS main.stateful_examples.scd1_source")
spark.createDataFrame(
[("u1", 1, "NYC"), ("u1", 3, "SF"), ("u1", 2, "LA"), ("u2", 5, "London")],
"user string, time long, location string",
).write.saveAsTable("main.stateful_examples.scd1_source")
df = spark.readStream.table("main.stateful_examples.scd1_source")
# Apply the stateful transformation to the input DataFrame
q = (
df.groupBy("user")
.transformWithStateInPandas(
statefulProcessor=SCDType1StatefulProcessor(),
outputStructType=output_schema,
outputMode="Update",
timeMode="None",
)
.writeStream.format("memory")
.queryName("scd1_output")
.option("checkpointLocation", f"/tmp/checkpoint_{uuid.uuid4()}")
.trigger(availableNow=True)
.start()
)
q.awaitTermination()
# Each user keeps only its latest location by time: u1 -> SF (time 3), u2 -> London (time 5)
display(spark.sql("SELECT user, time, location FROM scd1_output ORDER BY user"))
import org.apache.spark.sql.streaming._
// Define a case class to represent user location data
case class UserLocation(
user: String,
time: Long,
location: String)
// Define a stateful processor for slowly changing dimension type 1 (SCD1) operations
class SCDType1StatefulProcessor extends StatefulProcessor[String, UserLocation, UserLocation] {
import org.apache.spark.sql.{Encoders}
// Transient value state to store the latest location for each user
@transient private var _latestLocation: ValueState[UserLocation] = _
private val userLocationEncoder = Encoders.product[UserLocation]
// Initialize the state store
override def init(
outputMode: OutputMode,
timeMode: TimeMode): Unit = {
// Create a value state named "locationState" using UserLocation encoder
// TTLConfig.NONE means the state has no expiration
_latestLocation = getHandle.getValueState[UserLocation]("locationState",
userLocationEncoder, TTLConfig.NONE)
}
// Process input rows and update state
override def handleInputRows(
key: String,
inputRows: Iterator[UserLocation],
timerValues: TimerValues): Iterator[UserLocation] = {
// Find the location with the maximum timestamp from input rows
val maxNewLocation = inputRows.maxBy(_.time)
// Update state and emit output if:
// 1. No previous state exists, or
// 2. New location has a more recent timestamp than the stored one
if (_latestLocation.getOption().isEmpty || maxNewLocation.time > _latestLocation.get().time) {
_latestLocation.update(maxNewLocation)
Iterator.single(maxNewLocation) // Emit the updated location
} else {
Iterator.empty // No update needed, emit nothing
}
}
}
import spark.implicits._
import java.util.UUID
// Create a dedicated schema for the example tables
spark.sql("CREATE SCHEMA IF NOT EXISTS main.stateful_examples")
// Seed a small Delta table to use as the streaming source
spark.sql("DROP TABLE IF EXISTS main.stateful_examples.scd1_source_scala")
Seq(
UserLocation("u1", 1L, "NYC"),
UserLocation("u1", 3L, "SF"),
UserLocation("u1", 2L, "LA"),
UserLocation("u2", 5L, "London")
).toDF().write.saveAsTable("main.stateful_examples.scd1_source_scala")
val q = spark.readStream
.table("main.stateful_examples.scd1_source_scala")
.as[UserLocation]
.groupByKey(_.user)
.transformWithState(
new SCDType1StatefulProcessor(),
TimeMode.None(),
OutputMode.Update()
)
.writeStream
.format("memory")
.queryName("scd1_output_scala")
.option("checkpointLocation", s"/tmp/checkpoint_${UUID.randomUUID()}")
.trigger(Trigger.AvailableNow())
.start()
q.awaitTermination()
// Each user keeps only its latest location by time: u1 -> SF (time 3), u2 -> London (time 5)
spark.sql("SELECT user, time, location FROM scd1_output_scala ORDER BY user").show()
dimensões que mudam lentamente (SCD) (SCD) tipo 2
O Notebook a seguir contém um exemplo de implementação do SCD tipo 2 usando transformWithState em Python ou Scala.
SCD Tipo 2 Python
SCD Tipo 2 Scala
Detector de tempo de inatividade
transformWithState implementa temporizadores para permitir que o usuário tome medidas com base no tempo decorrido, mesmo que nenhum registro de um determinado key seja processado em um micro-lote.
O exemplo a seguir implementa um padrão para um detector de tempo de inatividade. Cada vez que um novo valor é visto para um determinado key, ele atualiza o valor do estado lastSeen, limpa todos os temporizadores existentes e reinicia um temporizador para o futuro.
Quando um cronômetro expira, o aplicativo emite o tempo decorrido desde o último evento observado para o key. Em seguida, ele define um novo cronômetro para emitir uma atualização 10 segundos depois.
Para executar o exemplo de ponta a ponta, semeie uma única leitura de sensor como a fonte de transmissão. Como os temporizadores usam tempo de processamento, o driver usa um trigger processingTime e aguarda antes de interromper a query para que os temporizadores sejam disparados.
- Python
- Scala
import datetime
import time
import uuid
import pandas as pd
from pyspark.sql.streaming import StatefulProcessor, StatefulProcessorHandle
from pyspark.sql.types import StructType, StructField, StringType, TimestampType
from typing import Iterator
spark.conf.set("spark.sql.streaming.stateStore.providerClass", "org.apache.spark.sql.execution.streaming.state.RocksDBStateStoreProvider")
class DownTimeDetectorStatefulProcessor(StatefulProcessor):
def init(self, handle: StatefulProcessorHandle) -> None:
# Define the schema for the state value (timestamp)
state_schema = StructType([StructField("value", TimestampType(), True)])
self.handle = handle
# Initialize state to store the last seen timestamp for each key
self.last_seen = handle.getValueState("last_seen", state_schema)
def handleExpiredTimer(self, key, timerValues, expiredTimerInfo) -> Iterator[pd.DataFrame]:
latest_from_existing = self.last_seen.get()
# Calculate downtime as the elapsed time between the last observed event and now
downtime_duration = timerValues.getCurrentProcessingTimeInMs() - int(latest_from_existing[0].timestamp() * 1000)
# Register a new timer for 10 seconds in the future
self.handle.registerTimer(timerValues.getCurrentProcessingTimeInMs() + 10000)
# Yield a DataFrame with the key and downtime duration
yield pd.DataFrame(
{
"id": key,
"timeValues": str(downtime_duration),
}
)
def handleInputRows(self, key, rows, timerValues) -> Iterator[pd.DataFrame]:
# Find the row with the maximum timestamp
max_row = max((tuple(pdf.iloc[0]) for pdf in rows), key=lambda row: row[1])
# Get the latest timestamp from the existing state or use epoch start if a timestamp doesn't exist
if self.last_seen.exists():
latest_from_existing = self.last_seen.get()[0]
else:
latest_from_existing = datetime.datetime.fromtimestamp(0)
# If the new data is more recent than the existing state
if latest_from_existing < max_row[1]:
# Delete all existing timers
for timer in self.handle.listTimers():
self.handle.deleteTimer(timer)
# Update the last seen timestamp
self.last_seen.update((max_row[1],))
# Register a new timer for 5 seconds in the future
self.handle.registerTimer(timerValues.getCurrentProcessingTimeInMs() + 5000)
# Get current processing time in milliseconds
timestamp_in_millis = str(timerValues.getCurrentProcessingTimeInMs())
# Yield a DataFrame with the key and current timestamp
yield pd.DataFrame({"id": key, "timeValues": timestamp_in_millis})
def close(self) -> None:
# No cleanup needed
pass
# Create a dedicated schema for the example tables
spark.sql("CREATE SCHEMA IF NOT EXISTS main.stateful_examples")
# Seed a small Delta table with a sensor reading to use as the streaming source
spark.sql("DROP TABLE IF EXISTS main.stateful_examples.sensor_events")
spark.createDataFrame(
[("sensor1", datetime.datetime(2024, 1, 1, 12, 0, 0))],
"id string, timestamp timestamp",
).write.saveAsTable("main.stateful_examples.sensor_events")
df = spark.readStream.table("main.stateful_examples.sensor_events")
# Output schema: the key and a time value (processing time or elapsed downtime)
output_schema = StructType([
StructField("id", StringType(), True),
StructField("timeValues", StringType(), True),
])
# ProcessingTime mode enables the timers that detect downtime
q = (
df.groupBy("id")
.transformWithStateInPandas(
statefulProcessor=DownTimeDetectorStatefulProcessor(),
outputStructType=output_schema,
outputMode="Update",
timeMode="ProcessingTime",
)
.writeStream.format("memory")
.queryName("downtime_output")
.option("checkpointLocation", f"/tmp/checkpoint_{uuid.uuid4()}")
.trigger(processingTime="5 seconds")
.start()
)
# Wait past the timers so they fire, then stop the query
time.sleep(30)
q.stop()
# When a timer fires, it emits the elapsed time in milliseconds since the last observed event
display(spark.sql("SELECT * FROM downtime_output"))
import java.sql.Timestamp
import org.apache.spark.sql.Encoders
import org.apache.spark.sql.streaming._
import spark.implicits._
import java.util.UUID
// The (String, Timestamp) schema represents an (id, time). We want to do downtime
// detection on every single unique sensor, where each sensor has a sensor ID.
// downtimeThresholdMs is the timer duration in milliseconds.
class DowntimeDetector(downtimeThresholdMs: Long) extends
StatefulProcessor[String, (String, Timestamp), (String, Long)] {
@transient private var _lastSeen: ValueState[Timestamp] = _
private val timestampEncoder = Encoders.TIMESTAMP
override def init(outputMode: OutputMode, timeMode: TimeMode): Unit = {
_lastSeen = getHandle.getValueState[Timestamp]("lastSeen", timestampEncoder, TTLConfig.NONE)
}
// The logic here is as follows: find the largest timestamp seen so far. Set a timer for
// the duration later.
override def handleInputRows(
key: String,
inputRows: Iterator[(String, Timestamp)],
timerValues: TimerValues): Iterator[(String, Long)] = {
val latestRecordFromNewRows = inputRows.maxBy(_._2.getTime)
// Use getOrElse to initiate state variable if it doesn't exist
val latestTimestampFromExistingRows = Option(_lastSeen.get()).getOrElse(new Timestamp(0))
val latestTimestampFromNewRows = latestRecordFromNewRows._2
if (latestTimestampFromNewRows.after(latestTimestampFromExistingRows)) {
// Cancel the one existing timer, since we have a new latest timestamp.
// We call "listTimers()" because we don't know ahead of time what
// the timestamp of the existing timer will be.
getHandle.listTimers().foreach(timer => getHandle.deleteTimer(timer))
_lastSeen.update(latestTimestampFromNewRows)
// Use timerValues to schedule a timer using processing time.
getHandle.registerTimer(timerValues.getCurrentProcessingTimeInMs() + downtimeThresholdMs)
} else {
// No new latest timestamp, so there is no need to update the state or set a timer.
}
Iterator.empty
}
override def handleExpiredTimer(
key: String,
timerValues: TimerValues,
expiredTimerInfo: ExpiredTimerInfo): Iterator[(String, Long)] = {
val latestTimestamp = _lastSeen.get()
// Downtime is the elapsed time in milliseconds between the last observed event and now
val downtimeDurationMs =
timerValues.getCurrentProcessingTimeInMs() - latestTimestamp.getTime
// Register another timer that will fire in 10 seconds.
// Timers can be registered anywhere but init()
getHandle.registerTimer(timerValues.getCurrentProcessingTimeInMs() + 10000)
Iterator((key, downtimeDurationMs))
}
}
// Create a dedicated schema for the example tables
spark.sql("CREATE SCHEMA IF NOT EXISTS main.stateful_examples")
// Seed a small Delta table with a sensor reading to use as the streaming source
spark.sql("DROP TABLE IF EXISTS main.stateful_examples.sensor_events_scala")
Seq(
("sensor1", Timestamp.valueOf("2024-01-01 12:00:00"))
).toDF("id", "timestamp").write.saveAsTable("main.stateful_examples.sensor_events_scala")
// ProcessingTime mode enables the timers that detect downtime
val q = spark.readStream
.table("main.stateful_examples.sensor_events_scala")
.as[(String, Timestamp)]
.groupByKey(_._1)
.transformWithState(
new DowntimeDetector(5000L),
TimeMode.ProcessingTime(),
OutputMode.Update()
)
.writeStream
.format("memory")
.queryName("downtime_output_scala")
.option("checkpointLocation", s"/tmp/checkpoint_${UUID.randomUUID()}")
.trigger(Trigger.ProcessingTime("5 seconds"))
.start()
// Wait past the timers so they fire, then stop the query
Thread.sleep(30000)
q.stop()
// When a timer fires, it emits the elapsed time in milliseconds since the last observed event
spark.sql("SELECT * FROM downtime_output_scala").show(false)
Migrar informações existentes sobre o estado
O exemplo a seguir demonstra como implementar um aplicativo com estado que aceita um estado inicial. Você pode adicionar o tratamento do estado inicial a qualquer aplicativo com estado, mas o estado inicial só pode ser definido ao inicializar o aplicativo pela primeira vez.
Este exemplo usa o leitor statestore para carregar informações de estado existentes de um caminho de ponto de verificação. Um exemplo de caso de uso desse padrão é a migração de aplicativos legados com estado para transformWithState.
- Python
- Scala
# Import the necessary libraries
import pandas as pd
from pyspark.sql.streaming import StatefulProcessor, StatefulProcessorHandle
from pyspark.sql.types import StructType, StructField, LongType, StringType, IntegerType
from typing import Iterator
# Set RocksDB as the state store provider for better performance
spark.conf.set("spark.sql.streaming.stateStore.providerClass", "org.apache.spark.sql.execution.streaming.state.RocksDBStateStoreProvider")
"""
Input schema is as below
input_schema = StructType(
[StructField("id", StringType(), True)],
[StructField("value", StringType(), True)]
)
"""
# Define the output schema for the streaming query
output_schema = StructType([
StructField("id", StringType(), True),
StructField("accumulated", StringType(), True)
])
class AccumulatedCounterStatefulProcessorWithInitialState(StatefulProcessor):
def init(self, handle: StatefulProcessorHandle) -> None:
# Define the schema for the state value (integer)
state_schema = StructType([StructField("value", IntegerType(), True)])
# Initialize state to store the accumulated counter for each id
self.counter_state = handle.getValueState("counter_state", state_schema)
self.handle = handle
def handleInputRows(self, key, rows, timerValues) -> Iterator[pd.DataFrame]:
# Check if state exists for the current key
exists = self.counter_state.exists()
if exists:
value_row = self.counter_state.get()
existing_value = value_row[0]
else:
existing_value = 0
accumulated_value = existing_value
# Process input rows and accumulate values
for pdf in rows:
value = pdf["value"].astype(int).sum()
accumulated_value += value
# Update the state with the new accumulated value
self.counter_state.update((accumulated_value,))
# Yield a DataFrame with the key and accumulated value
yield pd.DataFrame({"id": key, "accumulated": str(accumulated_value)})
def handleInitialState(self, key, initialState, timerValues) -> None:
# Initialize the state with the provided initial value
init_val = initialState.at[0, "initVal"]
self.counter_state.update((init_val,))
def close(self) -> None:
# No cleanup needed
pass
# Load initial state from a checkpoint directory
initial_state = spark.read.format("statestore")
.option("path", "$checkpointsDir")
.load()
# Apply the stateful transformation to the input DataFrame
df.groupBy("id")
.transformWithStateInPandas(
statefulProcessor=AccumulatedCounterStatefulProcessorWithInitialState(),
outputStructType=output_schema,
outputMode="Update",
timeMode="None",
initialState=initial_state,
)
.writeStream... # Continue with stream writing configuration
// Import the necessary libraries
import org.apache.spark.sql.streaming._
import org.apache.spark.sql.{Dataset, Encoder, Encoders, DataFrame}
import org.apache.spark.sql.types._
// Define a stateful processor that can handle the initial state
class InitialStateStatefulProcessor extends StatefulProcessorWithInitialState[String, (String, String, String), (String, String), (String, Int)] {
// Transient value state to store the accumulated value
@transient protected var valueState: ValueState[Int] = _
private val intEncoder = Encoders.scalaInt
// Initialize the state store
override def init(
outputMode: OutputMode,
timeMode: TimeMode): Unit = {
// Create a value state named "valueState" using Int encoder
// TTLConfig.NONE means the state has no automatic expiration
valueState = getHandle.getValueState[Int]("valueState",
intEncoder, TTLConfig.NONE)
}
// Process input rows and update state
override def handleInputRows(
key: String,
inputRows: Iterator[(String, String, String)],
timerValues: TimerValues): Iterator[(String, String)] = {
var existingValue = 0
// Retrieve existing value from state if it exists
if (valueState.exists()) {
existingValue += valueState.get()
}
var accumulatedValue = existingValue
// Accumulate values from input rows
for (row <- inputRows) {
accumulatedValue += row._2.toInt
}
// Update the state with the new accumulated value
valueState.update(accumulatedValue)
// Return the key and accumulated value as a string
Iterator((key, accumulatedValue.toString))
}
// Handle initial state when provided
override def handleInitialState(
key: String, initialState: (String, Int), timerValues: TimerValues): Unit = {
// Update the state with the initial value
valueState.update(initialState._2)
}
}
Migrar a tabela Delta para o armazenamento do estado para inicialização
O Notebook a seguir contém um exemplo de inicialização de valores de armazenamento do estado de uma tabela Delta usando transformWithState em Python ou Scala.
Inicializar o estado a partir do Delta Python
Inicializar o estado a partir do Delta Scala
Sessão de acompanhamento
O Notebook a seguir contém um exemplo de acompanhamento de sessão usando transformWithState em Python ou Scala.
Sessão de acompanhamento Python
Sessão de acompanhamento Scala
Transmissão-transmissão personalizada join usando transformWithState
O código a seguir demonstra uma transmissão-transmissão personalizada join em várias transmissões usando transformWithState. O senhor pode usar essa abordagem em vez de um operador integrado join pelos seguintes motivos:
- O senhor precisa usar o modo de saída de atualização que não suporta a união de transmissão-transmissão. Isso é especialmente útil para aplicativos de baixa latência.
- O senhor precisa continuar a executar a união para as linhas que chegam mais tarde (após a expiração da marca d'água).
- O senhor precisa realizar uma união de transmissão-transmissão de muitos para muitos.
Este exemplo oferece controle total sobre a lógica de expiração de estado, permitindo a extensão dinâmica do período de retenção para lidar com eventos fora de ordem, mesmo após o watermark.
No exemplo a seguir, eventos de perfil, preferência e atividade chegam em uma única transmissão, cada um marcado com uma record_type tag. O processador armazena cada tipo de registro em buffer no estado, e um temporizador de tempo de processamento emite o join enriquecido pouco tempo após a chegada de um evento de atividade. O estado de perfil e preferência expira após uma hora de inatividade usando um TTL, e cada atividade é limpa do estado assim que é feito o join.
Este exemplo mantém uma atividade por usuário e a limpa após o join emitir. Para manter o foco, ele não lida com múltiplos eventos de atividade chegando para o mesmo usuário antes que o temporizador dispare: uma atividade posterior substitui a anterior, e cada temporizador lê a atividade armazenada em buffer mais recente em vez daquela que a agendou. Para preservar cada atividade, armazene as atividades em um estado de valor de lista ou valor de mapa indexado pelo tempo do evento.
- Python
- Scala
# Import the necessary libraries
import pandas as pd
import time
import uuid
from datetime import datetime
from pyspark.sql.streaming import StatefulProcessor, StatefulProcessorHandle
from pyspark.sql.types import StructType, StructField, StringType, TimestampType
from typing import Iterator
spark.conf.set("spark.sql.streaming.stateStore.providerClass", "org.apache.spark.sql.execution.streaming.state.RocksDBStateStoreProvider")
# Define output schema for the joined data
output_schema = StructType([
StructField("user_id", StringType(), True),
StructField("event_type", StringType(), True),
StructField("timestamp", TimestampType(), True),
StructField("profile_name", StringType(), True),
StructField("email", StringType(), True),
StructField("preferred_category", StringType(), True)
])
class CustomStreamJoinProcessor(StatefulProcessor):
# Buffer each user's profile, preference, and activity records in state.
def init(self, handle: StatefulProcessorHandle) -> None:
self.handle = handle
profile_schema = StructType([
StructField("name", StringType(), True),
StructField("email", StringType(), True)
])
preferences_schema = StructType([
StructField("preferred_category", StringType(), True)
])
activity_schema = StructType([
StructField("event_type", StringType(), True),
StructField("timestamp", TimestampType(), True)
])
# One value state per record type. The grouping key is user_id, so each
# state holds the latest record of that type for the user.
# Profile and preference state expire after an hour of inactivity via TTL
self.profile_state = handle.getValueState("userProfile", profile_schema, ttlDurationMs=3600000)
self.preferences_state = handle.getValueState("userPreferences", preferences_schema, ttlDurationMs=3600000)
self.activity_state = handle.getValueState("userActivity", activity_schema)
# Route each incoming record by its type and buffer it in state. When an
# activity event arrives, set a timer to emit the enriched join after a delay.
def handleInputRows(self, key, rows: Iterator[pd.DataFrame], timerValues) -> Iterator[pd.DataFrame]:
for pdf in rows:
for _, row in pdf.iterrows():
record_type = row["record_type"]
if record_type == "activity":
self.activity_state.update((row["event_type"], row["timestamp"]))
# Set a timer to process this event after a 10-second delay
self.handle.registerTimer(timerValues.getCurrentProcessingTimeInMs() + 10000)
elif record_type == "profile":
self.profile_state.update((row["name"], row["email"]))
elif record_type == "preference":
self.preferences_state.update((row["preferred_category"],))
# No immediate output; the enriched row is emitted when the timer expires
return iter([])
# Perform the lookup after the delay, handling out-of-order and late-arriving records.
def handleExpiredTimer(self, key, timerValues, expiredTimerInfo) -> Iterator[pd.DataFrame]:
if not self.activity_state.exists():
return iter([])
activity = self.activity_state.get()
profile = self.profile_state.get() if self.profile_state.exists() else None
preferences = self.preferences_state.get() if self.preferences_state.exists() else None
# Combine data from the different states into a single output row
output_row = {
"user_id": key[0],
"event_type": activity[0],
"timestamp": activity[1],
"profile_name": profile[0] if profile else None,
"email": profile[1] if profile else None,
"preferred_category": preferences[0] if preferences else None
}
# The activity has been consumed by this join, so clear it from state
self.activity_state.clear()
return iter([pd.DataFrame([output_row])])
def close(self) -> None:
pass
# Create a dedicated schema for the example tables
spark.sql("CREATE SCHEMA IF NOT EXISTS main.stateful_examples")
# Seed a small Delta table with profile, preference, and activity records for one user
spark.sql("DROP TABLE IF EXISTS main.stateful_examples.user_events")
input_schema = StructType([
StructField("user_id", StringType()),
StructField("record_type", StringType()),
StructField("event_type", StringType()),
StructField("timestamp", TimestampType()),
StructField("name", StringType()),
StructField("email", StringType()),
StructField("preferred_category", StringType())
])
spark.createDataFrame(
[
("u1", "profile", None, None, "Alice", "alice@example.com", None),
("u1", "preference", None, None, None, None, "electronics"),
("u1", "activity", "purchase", datetime(2024, 1, 1, 12, 0, 0), None, None, None),
],
input_schema,
).write.saveAsTable("main.stateful_examples.user_events")
df = spark.readStream.table("main.stateful_examples.user_events")
# Apply transformWithState. ProcessingTime mode enables the timer that fires the join.
q = (
df.groupBy("user_id")
.transformWithStateInPandas(
statefulProcessor=CustomStreamJoinProcessor(),
outputStructType=output_schema,
outputMode="Append",
timeMode="ProcessingTime",
)
.writeStream.format("memory")
.queryName("enriched_events")
.option("checkpointLocation", f"/tmp/checkpoint_{uuid.uuid4()}")
.trigger(processingTime="5 seconds")
.start()
)
# Wait past the 10-second timer so it fires, then stop the query
time.sleep(30)
q.stop()
# The enriched row joins the activity with the buffered profile and preference
display(spark.sql("SELECT * FROM enriched_events"))
// Import the necessary libraries
import org.apache.spark.sql.streaming._
import org.apache.spark.sql.Encoders
import spark.implicits._
import java.sql.Timestamp
import java.util.UUID
import java.time.Duration
// Unified input record: every event arrives on one stream, tagged by record_type
case class UserRecord(
user_id: String,
record_type: String,
event_type: Option[String],
timestamp: Option[Timestamp],
name: Option[String],
email: Option[String],
preferred_category: Option[String]
)
case class UserActivity(event_type: String, timestamp: Timestamp)
case class UserProfile(name: String, email: String)
case class UserPreferences(preferred_category: String)
// Enriched user event combining activity with profile and preference data
case class EnrichedUserEvent(
user_id: String,
event_type: String,
timestamp: Timestamp,
profile_name: Option[String],
email: Option[String],
preferred_category: Option[String]
)
// Custom stateful processor for the stream-stream join
class CustomStreamJoinProcessor extends StatefulProcessor[String, UserRecord, EnrichedUserEvent] {
// One value state per record type. The grouping key is user_id, so each state
// holds the latest record of that type for the user.
@transient private var _profileState: ValueState[UserProfile] = _
@transient private var _preferencesState: ValueState[UserPreferences] = _
@transient private var _activityState: ValueState[UserActivity] = _
override def init(outputMode: OutputMode, timeMode: TimeMode): Unit = {
// Profile and preference state expire after an hour of inactivity via TTL
_profileState = getHandle.getValueState[UserProfile]("profileState", Encoders.product[UserProfile], TTLConfig(Duration.ofHours(1)))
_preferencesState = getHandle.getValueState[UserPreferences]("preferencesState", Encoders.product[UserPreferences], TTLConfig(Duration.ofHours(1)))
_activityState = getHandle.getValueState[UserActivity]("activityState", Encoders.product[UserActivity], TTLConfig.NONE)
}
// Route each incoming record by its type and buffer it in state. When an
// activity event arrives, set a timer to emit the enriched join after a delay.
override def handleInputRows(
key: String,
inputRows: Iterator[UserRecord],
timerValues: TimerValues): Iterator[EnrichedUserEvent] = {
inputRows.foreach { rec =>
rec.record_type match {
case "activity" =>
_activityState.update(UserActivity(rec.event_type.getOrElse(""), rec.timestamp.orNull))
getHandle.registerTimer(timerValues.getCurrentProcessingTimeInMs() + 10000)
case "profile" =>
_profileState.update(UserProfile(rec.name.getOrElse(""), rec.email.getOrElse("")))
case "preference" =>
_preferencesState.update(UserPreferences(rec.preferred_category.getOrElse("")))
case _ =>
}
}
Iterator.empty
}
// When the timer expires, join the buffered activity with the latest profile and preference
override def handleExpiredTimer(
key: String,
timerValues: TimerValues,
expiredTimerInfo: ExpiredTimerInfo): Iterator[EnrichedUserEvent] = {
if (!_activityState.exists()) {
Iterator.empty
} else {
val activity = _activityState.get()
val profile = if (_profileState.exists()) Some(_profileState.get()) else None
val preferences = if (_preferencesState.exists()) Some(_preferencesState.get()) else None
// The activity has been consumed by this join, so clear it from state
_activityState.clear()
Iterator.single(EnrichedUserEvent(
user_id = key,
event_type = activity.event_type,
timestamp = activity.timestamp,
profile_name = profile.map(_.name),
email = profile.map(_.email),
preferred_category = preferences.map(_.preferred_category)
))
}
}
}
// Create a dedicated schema for the example tables
spark.sql("CREATE SCHEMA IF NOT EXISTS main.stateful_examples")
// Seed a small Delta table with profile, preference, and activity records for one user
spark.sql("DROP TABLE IF EXISTS main.stateful_examples.user_events_scala")
Seq(
UserRecord("u1", "profile", None, None, Some("Alice"), Some("alice@example.com"), None),
UserRecord("u1", "preference", None, None, None, None, Some("electronics")),
UserRecord("u1", "activity", Some("purchase"), Some(Timestamp.valueOf("2024-01-01 12:00:00")), None, None, None)
).toDF().write.saveAsTable("main.stateful_examples.user_events_scala")
// Apply the custom stateful processor. ProcessingTime mode enables the join timer.
val enrichedStream = spark.readStream
.table("main.stateful_examples.user_events_scala")
.as[UserRecord]
.groupByKey(_.user_id)
.transformWithState(
new CustomStreamJoinProcessor(),
TimeMode.ProcessingTime(),
OutputMode.Append()
)
val q = enrichedStream.writeStream
.format("memory")
.queryName("enriched_events_scala")
.option("checkpointLocation", s"/tmp/checkpoint_${UUID.randomUUID()}")
.trigger(Trigger.ProcessingTime("5 seconds"))
.start()
// Wait past the 10-second timer so it fires, then stop the query
Thread.sleep(30000)
q.stop()
// The enriched row joins the activity with the buffered profile and preference
spark.sql("SELECT * FROM enriched_events_scala").show(false)
Computação Top-K
O exemplo a seguir usa um ListState com uma fila de prioridade para manter e atualizar os K elementos principais em uma transmissão para cada grupo key em tempo real próximo.